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For its time and place, there was no other pueblo like Wupatki. Less than
800 years ago, it was the tallest, largest, and perhaps the richest and
most influential pueblo around. It was home to 85-100 people, and several
thousand more lived within a day’s walk. And it was built in one of
the lowest, warmest, and driest places on the Colorado Plateau. What compelled
people to build here?
Human history here spans at least 10,000 years. But only for a time, in
the 1100s, was the landscape this densely populated. The eruption of nearby
Sunset Crater Volcano a century earlier probably played a part. Families
that lost their homes to ash and lava had to move. They discovered that
the cinders blanketing lands to the north could hold moisture needed for
crops.
As the new agricultural community spread, small scattered homes were
replaced by a few large pueblos, each surrounded by many smaller pueblos
and pithouses. Wupatki, Wukoki, Lomaki, and other masonry pueblos emerged
from bedrock. Trade networks expanded, bringing exotic items like turquoise,
shell jewelry, copper bells, and parrots. Wupatki flourished as a meeting
place of different cultures. Then, by about 1250, the people moved on.
The people of Wupatki came here from another place. From Wupatki, they
sought out another home. Though no longer occupied, Wupatki is remembered
and cared for, not abandoned.
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